A Middle Persian Inscription from Persepolis

Document Type : Research Article

Author

Department of Ancient Iranian Languages and Culture, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr Branch, Bushehr, Iran

Abstract

This article deciphers and analyzes a  previously unknown Sassanian mint location represented by the inscription WLČ., based on the analysis of a Middle Persian inscription found in Persepolis, and on the linguistic changes that occurred during the transition to modern Persian. Evidence is presented to show that this previously unknown Sassanian mint designation corresponds to the modern-day city of Borazjan in southwestern Iran. This is one of only a few cases in which the Sassanian recording of  known towns is confirmed through archaeological evidence. Previous efforts to identify mint locations through abbreviated inscriptions and mint marks, have achieved good results. The linguistic analysis of official seals and inscriptions, in which the name of a city is either in the center (in abbreviated form) or along the rim (written in full), allows the identification of some mints.. This article presents a linguistic analysis of a previously unknown mint location designated WLČ.  Based on a Middle Persian inscription found in Persepolis, and the linguistic changes that occurred during the transition to modern Persian, evidence indicates that WLČ designates the modern city of Borazjan.  
 
 

Keywords


Bagheri, M.1997 History of Persian Language (In Persian).Tehran: Ghatreh.
Bivar, A. D. H.1991 The Ideogram for “Staters” in Pahlavi, CorollaIranica. Papers in Honor of Prof. Dr. DavidNeil MacKenzie: 3-14. Frankfurt Main.1954 The Inscription of Uruzgan. Journal of The Royal Asiatic Society: 112-118.
Daryaee, T. 2002 Shahrestanha i Eranshahr, A Middle Persian Text on Late Antique Geography, Epic and History. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publications. 2003 The Effect of the Arab Muslim Conquest on the Administrative Division of Sasanian Persis /Fars. Iran 41:193-204.
Gariboldi, A. 2010 Sasanian Coinage and History, The civic Numismatic Collection of Millan.California: Mazda Publication.
Gignoux, Ph. 1971 Le Liste des Provinces de l’Eran dans les inscription de Shbuhr de Kirdir. Acta
Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 19 :83-94.
1984 Les quatres regions administratives de I’Iran sassanide et la symbolique des nombres trios et quarters. Annali dell’Isstituto Universitario Orientale di Napoli 44 :555-527.
1990a Le spahbed des Saaanides a l’Islam. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 13:1-14.
1990b Les nouvelles monnaies de Shapur II. Studia iranica 19:195-204.
2004 Aspects de la vie administrative et sociale en Iran du 7eme siècle. Gyselen 2004: 37-48.
Göbl, R. 1954 Zu einigen Falschungen vorislamischer orientalischer Munzen. Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft 11: 1-11, 93.
Gyselen, R.1979 Ateliers monetaires et catches officiels sasanides. Studia Iranica 8: 206-212. 1988 Les données de géographie administrative dans le Šahrestānīhā ī Ēran. Studia Iranica17: 191-206.
1989 La géographie administrative de lʹemire sassanide. Les témoignages sigillographique, [Res Orientales I]. Paris: Bures-sur-Yvette.
2001 The Four Generals of the Sasanian Empire: some Sigillographic Evidence. Roma: Institute Italiano pre lʹAfrica e lʹOriente.
2002 Nouveaux materiaux pour la géographie administrative de lʹempire sassanide: sceaux. administratifs de la collection Ahmad Saeedi [Cahiers de Studia Iranica, no. 24]. Paris: AAEI.
2003 Numismatics and History-An Outline, b. Shapur I. In Schindel Nikolaus (ed.) Sylloge Nummorum. Sasanidarum: Paris - Berlin -
Wien. Band I: Ardashir I-Shapur I. 2004 New Evidence for Sasanian Numismatics: The Collection of Ahmad Saeedi, in Contributions à lʹhistoire et la géographie historique de lʹempire sassanide. Bures-sur-Yvette: Groupe pour lʹétude de la civilisation du moyen- orient: 49-140.
Henning,W.B. 1977 Acta Iranica Encyclopédie Permanente Des Etudes Iraniennes. Deuxiéme Série ,Vol. VI (Selected Papers). Bibliothéque Pahlavi:Tehran-Liège.
Malek, H.M.1993 A Survey of Research on Sasanian.Numismatics The Numismatic Chronicle 153:247-284.
Marquart J.2004 Eranshahr nach der Geographie des Pseudo-Moses Xorenacʹi (Translated by M. Mir Ahmadi). Tehran: Tahori Publication.
Mochiri, M.1977 Etude de Numismatique Iranian Sous lesSassanides et Arabe - Sassanides Vol. II.Tehran.
Nyberg, S.2002 Formulary of Pahlavi (In Persian). Tehran:Asatir Publication.
Paruk, F. D. J.1924 Sassanian Coins. Bombay: The Times Press.Perikhanian, Anahit.
1997 Book of Thousand Judgment. A Sasanian Law Book. California: Mazda Publishing.
Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2011 The Sasanian Empire. In Bradly R. Nelson (ed.) Numismatic art of Persia, The Sunrise, Part I: Ancient 650 BC to Ad 650 Collection: 292-399. USA: Classical Numismatic Group.
Sears, S. 1997 A Monetary History of Iran and Iraq, ca. CE 500 to 750. Ph. D. Thesis. University of Chicago.
Schindel, N. 2004 Sylloge Nummorum Sasanidarum Paris – Berlin – Wien, Band III: Shapur II. – Kawad I. / 2. ( Vol. 1): 147 - 75. Vienna: Regierung publishing.
Tabari, A. 1999 Tarikh al-rusul w al mulūk (The History of al - Tabrī), English, Selections, vol.5: The Sassanids, the Byzantines, the Lakmids, and Yemen. Translated and annotated by C. E. Bosworth. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Tavakoli Moqadam, Q. 1996 Investigation of Iranian Cities appellation from ancient to modern times (In Persian). Tehran: Miead.